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curiosity。
They will follow up such and such a man or woman for whole days； they will do sentry duty for hours at a time on the corners of the streets； under alley…way doors at night； in cold and rain； they will bribe errand…porters； they will make the drivers of hackney…coaches and lackeys tipsy； buy a waiting…maid； suborn a porter。
Why？
For no reason。 A pure passion for seeing； knowing； and penetrating into things。 A pure itch for talking。
And often these secrets once known； these mysteries made public； these enigmas illuminated by the light of day； bring on catastrophies； duels； failures； the ruin of families； and broken lives； to the great joy of those who have 〃found out everything；〃 without any interest in the matter； and by pure instinct。
A sad thing。
Certain persons are malicious solely through a necessity for talking。 Their conversation； the chat of the drawing…room； gossip of the anteroom； is like those chimneys which consume wood rapidly； they need a great amount of bustibles； and their bustibles are furnished by their neighbors。
So Fantine was watched。
In addition； many a one was jealous of her golden hair and of her white teeth。
It was remarked that in the workroom she often turned aside； in the midst of the rest； to wipe away a tear。
These were the moments when she was thinking of her child； perhaps； also； of the man whom she had loved。
Breaking the gloomy bonds of the past is a mournful task。
It was observed that she wrote twice a month at least； and that she paid the carriage on the letter。
They managed to obtain the address： Monsieur； Monsieur Thenardier； inn…keeper at Montfermeil。 The public writer； a good old man who could not fill his stomach with red wine without emptying his pocket of secrets； was made to talk in the wine…shop。 In short； it was discovered that Fantine had a child。 〃She must be a pretty sort of a woman。〃
An old gossip was found； who made the trip to Montfermeil； talked to the Thenardiers； and said on her return：
〃For my five and thirty francs I have freed my mind。 I have seen the child。〃
The gossip who did this thing was a gorgon named Madame Victurnien； the guardian and door…keeper of every one's virtue。 Madame Victurnien was fifty…six； and re…enforced the mask of ugliness with the mask of age。
A quavering voice； a whimsical mind。 This old dame had once been youngastonishing fact！
In her youth； in '93； she had married a monk who had fled from his cloister in a red cap； and passed from the Bernardines to the Jacobins。 She was dry； rough； peevish； sharp； captious； almost venomous； all this in memory of her monk； whose widow she was； and who had ruled over her masterfully and bent her to his will。 She was a nettle in which the rustle of the cassock was visible。 At the Restoration she had turned bigot； and that with so much energy that the priests had forgiven her her monk。
She had a small property； which she bequeathed with much ostentation to a religious munity。 She was in high favor at the episcopal palace of Arras。
So this Madame Victurnien went to Montfermeil； and returned with the remark； 〃I have seen the child。〃
All this took time。
Fantine had been at the factory for more than a year； when； one morning； the superintendent of the workroom handed her fifty francs from the mayor； told her that she was no longer employed in the shop； and requested her； in the mayor's name； to leave the neighborhood。
This was the very month when the Thenardiers； after having demanded twelve francs instead of six； had just exacted fifteen francs instead of twelve。
Fantine was overwhelmed。
She could not leave the neighborhood； she was in debt for her rent and furniture。
Fifty francs was not sufficient to cancel this debt。
She stammered a few supplicating words。 The superintendent ordered her to leave the shop on the instant。 Besides； Fantine was only a moderately good workwoman。 Overe with shame； even more than with despair； she quitted the shop； and returned to her room。
So her fault was now known to every one。
She no longer felt strong enough to say a word。
She was advised to see the mayor； she did not dare。
The mayor had given her fifty francs because he was good； and had dismissed her because he was just。 She bowed before the decision。
BOOK FIFTH。THE DESCENT
CHAPTER IX
MADAME VICTURNIEN'S SUCCESS
So the monk's widow was good for something。
But M。 Madeleine had heard nothing of all this。
Life is full of just such binations of events。
M。 Madeleine was in the habit of almost never entering the women's workroom。
At the head of this room he had placed an elderly spinster； whom the priest had provided for him； and he had full confidence in this superintendent；a truly respectable person； firm； equitable； upright； full of the charity which consists in giving； but not having in the same degree that charity which consists in understanding and in forgiving。
M。 Madeleine relied wholly on her。
The best men are often obliged to delegate their authority。
It was with this full power； and the conviction that she was doing right； that the superintendent had instituted the suit； judged； condemned； and executed Fantine。
As regards the fifty francs； she had given them from a fund which M。 Madeleine had intrusted to her for charitable purposes； and for giving assistance to the workwomen； and of which she rendered no account。
Fantine tried to obtain a situation as a servant in the neighborhood；
she went from house to house。
No one would have her。
She could not leave town。
The second…hand dealer； to whom she was in debt for her furnitureand what furniture！said to her； 〃If you leave； I will have you arrested as a thief。〃
The householder； whom she owed for her rent； said to her； 〃You are young and pretty； you can pay。〃
She divided the fifty francs between the landlord and the furniture…dealer； returned to the latter three…quarters of his goods； kept only necessaries； and found herself without work； without a trade； with nothing but her bed； and still about fifty francs in debt。
She began to make coarse shirts for soldiers of the garrison； and earned twelve sous a day。
Her daughter cost her ten。
It was at this point that she began to pay the Thenardiers irregularly。
However； the old woman who lighted her candle for her when she returned at night； taught her the art of living in misery。 Back of living on little； there is the living on nothing。 These are the two chambers； the first is dark； the second is black。
Fantine learned how to live without fire entirely in the winter； how to give up a bird which eats a half a farthing's worth of millet every two days； how to make a coverlet of one's petticoat； and a petticoat of one's coverlet； how to save one's candle； by taking one's meals by the light of the opposite window。 No one knows all that certain feeble creatures； who have grown old in privation and honesty； can get out of a sou。
It ends by being a talent。
Fantine acquired this sublime talent； and regained a little courage。
At this epoch she said to a neighbor； 〃Bah！
I say to myself； by only sleeping five hours； and working all the rest of the time at my sewing； I shall always manage to nearly earn my bread。
And； then； when one is sad； one eats less。
Well； sufferings； uneasiness； a little bread on one hand； trouble on the other；all this will support me。〃
It would have been a great happiness to have her little girl with her in this distress。
She thought of having her e。
But what then！ Make her share her own destitution！
And then； she was in debt to the Thenardiers！
How could she pay them？
And the journey！ How pay for that？
The old woman who had given her lessons in what may be called the life of indigence； was a sainted spinster named Marguerite； who was pious with a true piety； poor and charitable towards the poor； and even towards the rich； knowing how to write just sufficiently to sign herself Marguerite； and believing in God； which is science。
There are many such virtuous people in this lower world； some day they will be in the world above。
This life has a morrow。
At first； Fantine had been so ashamed that she had not dared to go out。
When she was in the street； she divined that people turned round behind her； and pointed at her； every one stared at her and no one greeted her； the cold and bitter scorn of the passers…by penetrated her very flesh and soul like a north wind。
It seems as though an unfortunate woman were utterly bare beneath the sarcasm and the curiosity of all in small towns。
In Paris； at least； no one knows you； and this obscurity is a garment。 Oh！ how she would have liked to betake herself to Paris！
Impossible！
She was obliged to accustom herself to disrepute； as she had accustomed herself to indigence。
Gradually she decided on her course。 At the expiration of two or three months she shook off her shame； and began to go about as though there were nothing the matter。 〃It is all the same to me；〃 she said。
She went and came； bearing her head well up； with a bitter smile； and was conscious that she was being brazen…faced。
Madame Victurnien sometimes saw her passing； from her window； noticed the distress of 〃that creature〃 who； 〃thanks to her；〃 had been 〃put back in her proper place；〃 and congratulated herself。 The happiness of the evil…minded is black。
Excess of toil wore out Fantine； and the little dry cough which troubled her increased。
She sometimes said to her neighbor； Marguerite； 〃Just feel how hot my hands are！〃
Nevertheless； when she bed her beautiful hair in the morning with an old broken b； and it flowed about her like floss silk； she experienced a moment of happy coquetry。
BOOK FIFTH。THE DESCENT
CHAPTER X
RESULT OF THE SUCCESS
She had been dismissed towards the end of the winter； the summer passed； but winter came again。
Short days； less work。
Winter：
no warmth； no light； no noonday； the evening joining on to the morning； fogs； twilight； the window is gray； it is impossible to see clearly at it。
The sky is but a vent…hole。 The whole day is a cavern。
The sun has the air of a beggar。
A frightful season！ Winter changes the water of heaven and the heart of man into a stone。 Her creditors harrassed her。
Fantine earned too little。
Her debts had increased。
The Thenardiers； who were not promptly paid； wrote to her constantly letters whose contents drove her to despair； and whose carriage ruined her。 One day they wrote to her that her little Cosette was entirely naked in that cold weather； that she needed a woollen skirt； and that her mother must send at least ten francs for this。 She received the letter； and crushed it in her hands all day long。 That evening she went into a barber's shop at the corner of the street； and pulled out her b。
Her admirable golden hair fell to her knees。
〃What splendid hair！〃 exclaimed the barber。
〃How much will you give me for it？〃 said she。
〃Ten francs。〃
〃Cut it off。〃
She purchased a knitted petticoat and sent it to the Thenardiers。 This petticoat made the Thenardiers furious。
It was the money that they wanted。
They gave the petticoat to Eponine。
The poor Lark continued to shiver。
Fantine thought：
〃My child is no longer cold。
I have clothed her with my hair。〃
She put on little round caps which concealed her shorn head； and in which she was still pretty。
Dark thoughts held possession of Fantine's heart。
When she saw that she could no longer dress her hair； she began to hate every one about her。
She had long shared the universal veneration for Father Madeleine； yet； by dint of repeating to herself that it was he who had discharged her； that he was the cause of her unhappiness； she came to hate him also； and most of all。 When she passed the factory in working hours； when the workpeople were at the door； she affected to laugh and sing。
An old workwoman who once saw her laughing and singing in this fashion said； 〃There's a girl who will e to a bad end。
She took a lover； the first who offered； a man whom she did not love； out of bravado and with rage in her heart。
He was a miserable scamp； a sort of mendicant musician； a lazy beggar； who beat her； and who abandoned her as she had taken him； in disgust。
She adored her child。
The lower she descended； the darker everything grew about her； the more radiant shone that little angel at the bottom of her heart。 She said； 〃When I get rich； I will have my Cosette with me；〃 and she laughed。
Her cough did not leave her； and she had sweats on her back。
One day she received from the Thenardiers a letter couched in the following terms：
〃Cosette is ill with a malady which is going the rounds of the neighborhood。
A miliary fever； they call it。 Expensive drugs are required。
This is ruining us； and we can no longer pay for them。
If you do not send us forty francs before the week is out； the little one will be dead。〃
She burst out laughing； and said to her old neighbor：
〃Ah！ they are goo