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the silmarillion-第64章

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celebrin and tal; dal 'foot'。 
coron 'mound' in Corollair? (also called Coron Oiolair?; which latter word appears to mean 'Ever…summer';  
cf。 Oioloss?); cf。 Cerin Amroth; the great mound in Lothlórien。 
cú 'bow' in Cúthalion; Dor Cúarthol; Laer Cú Beleg。 
cuivi? 'awakening' in Cuiviénen (Sindarin Nen Echui)。 Other derivatives of the same root are Dor  
Firn…i…Guinar; coire; the first beginning of Spring; Sindarin echuir。 The Lord of the Rings Appendix D; and coimas  
'life…bread'; Quenya name of lembas。 
cul… 'golden…red' in Culúrien。 
curu 'skill' in Curuftn(we); Curunír。 
dae 'shadow' in Dor Daedeloth; and perhaps m Daeron。 
dagor 'battle'; the root is ndak…; cf。 Haudh…en…Ndengin。 Another derivative is Dagnir (Dagnir Glaurunga  
'Glaurung's Bane')。 
del 'horror* in Deldúwath; deloth 'abhorrence' in Dor Daedeloth。 
d?n 'silent' in Dor Dínen; cf。 Rath Dínen; the Silent Street in Minas Tirith; and Amon D?n; one of the beacon…hills of  
Gondor。 
dol 'head' in Lórindol; often applied to hills and mountains; as in Dol Guldur; Dolmed; Mindolluin (also Nardol;  
one of the beacon…hills of Gondor; and Fanuidhol; one of the Mountains of Moria)。 
d?r 'land' (i。e。 dry land as opposed to sea) was derived from ndor; it occurs in many Sindarin names; as Doriath;  
Dorthonion; Eriador; Gondor; Mordor; etc。 In Quenya the stem was blended and confused with a quite distinct word  
nór? meaning 'people'; in origin Valinór? was strictly 'the people of the Valar'; but Valandor 'the land of the Valar';  
and similarly Númen(n)ór? 'people of the West'; but Númendor 'land of the West'。 Quenya Endor 'Middle…earth' was  
from ened 'middle' and ndor; this in Sindarin became Ennor (cf。 ennorath 'middle lands' in the chant A Elbereth  
Gilthoniel)。 
draug 'wolf' in Draugluin。 
dú 'night; dimness' in Deldúwath; Ephel Dúath。 Derived from earlier d?m?; whence Quenya lóm?; thus  
Sindarin dúlin 'nightingale' corresponds to lómelind?。 
duin '(long) river' in Anduin; Baranduin; Esgalduin; Malduin; Taur…im…Duinath。 
d?r 'dark' in Barad…d?r; Caragd?r; Dol Guldur; also in Durthang (a castle in Mordor)。 
?ar 'sea' (Quenya) in E?rendil; E?rrám?; and many other names。 The Sindarin word gaer (in Belegaer) is  
apparently derived from the same original stem。 
echor in Echoriath 'Encircling Mountains' and Orfalch Echor; cf。 Rammas Echor 'the great wall of the outer  
circle' about the Pelennor Fields at Minas Tirith。 
edhel 'elf (Sindarin) in Adanedhel; Aredhel; Glóredhel; Ost…in…Edhil; also in Peredhil 'Half…elven'。 
eithel 'well' m Eithel Ivrin; Eithel Sirion; Barad Eithel; also in Mitheithel; the river Hoarwell in Eriador  
(named from its source)。 See kel…。 
êl; elen 'star'。 According to Elvish legend; ele was a primitive exclamation 'behold!' made by the Elves when  
they first saw the stars。 From this origin derived the ancient words êl and elen; meaning 'star'; and the adjectives elda  
and elena; meaning 'of the stars'。 These elements appear in a great many names。 For the later use of the name Eldar  
see the Index。 The Sindarin equivalent of Elda was Edhel (plural Edhil); q。v。; 'but the strictly corresponding form  
was Eledh; which occurs in Eledhwen。 
er 'one; alone'; in Amon Ereb (cf; Erebor; the Lonely Mountain); Erchamion; Eress?a; Eru。 
ereg 'thorn; holly' in Eregion; Region。 
esgal 'screen; hiding' in Esgalduin。 
falas 'shore; line of surf' (Quenya falass?) in Falas; Belfalas; also Anfalas in Gondor。 Cf。 Falathar;  
Falathrim。 Another derivative from the root was Quenya falma '(crested) wave'; whence Falmari; Mar…nu…Falmar。 
faroth is derived from a root meaning 'hunt; pursue'; in the Lay of Leithian the Taur…en…Faroth above  
Nargothrond are called 'the Hills of the Hunters'。 
faug… 'gape' in Anfauglir; Anfauglith; Dor…nu…Fauglith。 
fea 'spirit' in F?anor; F?anturi。 
fin… 'hair' in Finduilas; Fingon; Finrod; Glorftndel。 
formen 'north' (Quenya) in Formenos; Sindarin forn (also for; forod) in Fornost。 
fuin 'gloom; darkness' (Quenya huine) in Fuinur; Taur…nu…Fuin。 
gaer 'sea' in Belegaer (and in Gaerys; Sindarin name of Oss?)。 Said to derive from the stem gaya 'awe;  
dread'; and to have been the name made for the vast and terrifying Great Sea when the Eldar first came to its shores。 
gaur 'werewolf (from a root ngwaw… 'howl') m Tol…in…Gaurhoth。 
gil 'star' in Dagor…nuin…Giliath; Osgiliath (giliath 'host of stars'); Gil…Estel; Gil…galad。 
girith 'shuddering' in Nen Girith; cf。 also Girithron; name of the last month of the year in Sindarin (The Lord  
of the Rings Appendix D)。 
glin 'gleam' (particularly applied to the eyes) in Maeglin。 
golodh is the Sindarin form of Quenya Noldo; see gul Plural Golodhrim; and Gelydh (in Annon…in…Gelydh)。 
gond 'stone' in Gondolin; Gondor; Gonnhirrim; Argonath; seregon。 The name of the hidden city of King  
Turgon was devised by him in Quenya as Ondolind? (Quenya ondo= Sindarin gond; and lind? 'singing; song'); but it  
was known always in legend in the Sindarin form Gondolin; which was probably interpreted as gond…dolen 'Hidden  
Rock'。 
gor 'horror; dread' in Gorthaur; Gorthol; goroth of the same meaning; with reduplicated gor; in Gorgoroth; Ered  
Gorgoroth。 
groth (grod) 'delving; underground dwelling' m Menegroth; Nogrod (probably also in Nimrodel; 'lady of the white  
cave')。 Nogrod was originally Novrod 'hollow delving' (hence the translation Hollowbold); but was altered under the  
influence of naug 'dwarf'。 
gul 'sorcery' in Dol Guldur; Minas Morgul。 This word was derived from the same ancient stem ngol… that  
appears in Noldor; cf。 Quenya nól? 'long study; lore; knowledge'。 But the Sindarin word was darkened in sense by its  
frequent use in the pound morgul 'black arts'。 
gurth 'death' in Gurthang (see also Melkor in the Index)。 
gwaith 'people' in Gwaith…i…Mírdain; cf。 Enedwaith 'Middle…folk'; name of the land between the Greyflood  
and the Isen。 
gwalh; wath 'shadow' in Deldúwath; Ephel Dúath; also in Gwathlo; the river Greyflood in Eriador。 Related forms  
in Ered Wethrin; ThurIngw?thil。 (This Sindarin word referred to dim light; not to the shadows of objects cast by  
light: these were called morchaint 'dark shapes'。) 
hadhod in Hadhodrond (translation of Khazad…d?m) was a rendering of Khazad into Sindarin sounds。 
haudh 'mound' in Haudh…en…Arwen; Haudh…en…Elleth; etc。 
heru 'lord' in Herumor; Herunúmen; Sindarin hir in Gonnhirrim; Rohirrim; Barahir; híril 'lady' in Hírilorn。 
him 'cool' in Himlad (and Himring?)。 
h?n 'children' in Eruhini 'Children of Eru'; Narn i H?n Húrin。 
hith 'mist' in Hithaeglir; Hithlum (also in Nen Hithoel; a lake in Anduin)。 Hithlum is Sindarin in form;  
adapted from the Quenya name Hísilóm? given by the Noldorin exiles (Quenya hísi? 'mist'; cf。 Hísim?; the name of  
the eleventh month of the year。 The Lord of the Rings Appendix D)。 
hoth 'host; horde' (nearly always in a bad sense) in Tol…in…Gaurhoth; also in Loss(h)oth; the Snowmen of  
Forochel (The Lord of the Rings Appendix A 'I; iii') and Glamhoth 'din…horde'; a name for Orcs。 
hyarmen 'south' (Quenya) in Hyarmentir; Sindarin har…; harn; harad。 
ia 'void; abyss' m Moria。 
iant 'bridge' in Iant Iaur。 
iath 'fence' in Doriath。 
iaur 'old' in Iant Iaur; cf。 the Elvish name of Bombadil; Iarwain。 
ilm… This stem appears in Ilmen; Ilmar?; and also in Ilmarin ('mansion of the high airs'; the dwelling of  
Manw? and Varda upon Oioloss?)。 
ilúv? 'the whole; the all' in Ilúvatar。 
kal' (gal…) This root; meaning 'shine'; appears in Calacirya; Calaquendi; Tar…Calion; galvorn; Gil…galad;  
Galadriel。 The last two names have no connexion with Sindarin galadh tree'; although in the case of Galadriel such a  
connexion was often made; and the name altered to Galadhriel。 In the High…elven speech her name was Al(a)táriel;  
derived from alata 'radiance' (Sindarin galad) and riel 'garlanded maiden' (from a root rig… 'twine; wreathe'): the  
whole meaning 'maiden crowned with a radiant garland'; referring to her hair。 calen (galen) 'green' is etymologically  
'bright'; and derives from this root; see also aglar。 
káno 'mander': this Quenya word is the origin of the second element m Fingon and Turgon。 
kel… 'go away'; of water 'flow away; flow down'; in Celon; from et…kele 'issue of water; spring' was derived;  
with transposition of the consonants; Quenya ehtele; Sindarin eithel。 
kemen 'earth' in Kementári; a Quenya word referring to the earth as a flat floor beneath menel; the heavens。 
kheliek… 'ice' in Helcar; Helcarax? (Quenya helka 'icy; ice…cold')。 But in Helevorn the first element is Sindarin  
heledh 'glass'; taken from Khuzdul kheled (cf。 Kheled…zaram 'Mirrormere'); Helevorn means 'black glass' (cf。  
galvorn)。 
khil… 'follow' in Hildor; Hildórien; Eluchíl。 
kir… 'cut; cleave' in Calacirya; Cirth; Angerthas; Cirith (Ninniach; Thoronath)。 From the sense 'pass swiftly  
through' was derived Quenya círya 'sharp…prowed ship' (cf。 English cutter); and this meaning appears also in Círdan;  
Tar…Ciryatan; and no doubt in the name of Isildur's son Círyon。 
lad 'plain; valley' in Dagorlad; Himlad; imlad a narrow valley with steep sides; in Imladris (cf。 also Imlad Morgul  
in the Ephel Dúath)。 
laure 'gold' (but of light and colour; not of the metal) in Laurelin; the Sindarin forms in Glóredhel;  
Glorfindel; Loeg Ningloron; Lórindol; Rathlóriel。 
lhach 'leaping flame' m Dagor Bragollach; and probably in Anglachel (the sword made by E?l of meteoric  
iron)。 
lin (1) 'pool; mere' in Linaewen (which contains aew 'Quenya aiwe' 'small bird'); Teiglin; cf。 aelin。 
lin… (2) This root; meaning 'sing; make a musical sound'; occurs in Ainulindal?; Laurelin; Lindar; Lindon; Ered  
Lindon; lómelindi。 
lith 'ash' in Anfauglith; Dor…nu…Fauglith; also in Ered Lithui; the Ashen Mountains; forming the northern border of  
Mordor; and Lithlad 'Plain of Ashes* at the feet of Ered Lithui。 
lok… 'bend; loop' in Urulóki (Quenya 'h'lók? 'snake; serpent'; Sindarin Ih?g)。 
lóm 'echo' in Dor…lómin; Ered Lómin; related are Lammoth; Lanthir Lamath。 
lóm? 'dusk' m Lómion; lómelindi; see dú。 
lond? 'land…locked haven' in Alqualond?; the Sindarin form lond (lonn) in Mithlond。 
los 'snow' in Oioloss? (Quenya oio 'ever' and losse 'snow; snow…white'); Sindarin loss in Amon Uilos and  
Aeglos。 
loth 'flower' in Lothlórien; Nimloth; Quenya lót? in Ninquelót?; Vingilót?。 
luin 'blue' in Ered Luin; Helluin; Luinil; Mindolluin。 
maeg 'sharp; piercing' (Quenya maika) in Maeglin。 
mal… 'gold' in Malduin; Malinalda; also m mallorn; and in the Field of Cormallen; which means 'golden  
circle' and was named from the culumalda trees that grew there (see cul…)。 
man… 'good; blessed; unmarred' in Aman; Manw?; derivatives of Aman in Amandil; Araman; úmanyar。 
mel… 'love' in Melian (from Melyanna 'dear gift'); this stem is seen also in the Sindarin word mellon 'friend'  
m the inscription on the West…gate of Moria。 
men 'way' in Númen; Hyarmen; Rómen; Formen。 
menel 'the heavens' m Meneldil; Menelmacar; Meneltarma。 
mereth 'feast' in Mereth Aderthad; also in Merethrond; the Hall of Feasts in Minas Tirith。 
minas 'tower' in Annúminas; Minas Anor; Minas Tirith; etc。 The same stem。 occurs in other words referring to  
isolated; prominent; things; e。g。 Mindolluin; Mindon; probably related is Quenya minya 'first' (cf。 Tar…Minyatur; the  
name of Elros as first King of Númenor)。 
m?r 'jewel' (Quenya m?r?) m Elemmír?; Gwaith…i…Mírdain; Míriel; Nauglamír; Tar…Atanamir。 
mith 'grey' in Mithlond; Mithrandir; Mithrim; also hi Mitheithel; the river Hoarwell in Eriador。 
mor 'dark' in Mordor; Morgoth; Moria; Moriquendi; Mormegil; Morwen; etc。 
moth 'dusk' in Nan Elmoth。 
nan(d) 'valley' m Nan Dungortheb; Nan Elmoth; Nan Tathren。 
nár 'fire' in Narsil; Narya; present also in the original forms of Aegnor (Aikanáro 'Sharp Flame' or 'Fell Fire') and  
F?anor (Feanaro 'Spirit of Fire')。 The Sindarin form was naur; as in Sammath Naur; the Chambers of Fire in  
Orodruin。 Derived from the same ancient root (a)nar was the name of the Sun; Quenya Anar (also in Anárion);  
Sindarin Anor (cf。 Minas Anor; Anorien)。 
naug 'dwarf' in Naugrim; see also Nogrod in entry groth。 Related is another Sindarin word for 'dwarf';  
nogoth; plural noegyth (Noegyth Nibin 'Petty…dwarves') and nogothrim。 
…(n)dil is a very frequent ending of personal names; Amandil; E?rendil (shortened E?rnil); Elendil; Mardil;  
etc。; it implies 'devotion'; 'disinterested love' (see Mardil in entry bar)。 
…{n)dur in names such as E?rendur (shortened E?rnur) is similar in meaning to …(n)dil。 
neldor 'beech' in Neldoreth; but it seems that this was properly the name of Hírilorn; the great beech…tree with  
three trunks (nelde 'three' and orn)。 
nen 'water'; used of lakes; pools; and lesser rivers; in Nen Girith; Nenning; Nenuial; Nenya; Cuiviénen;  
Uinen; also in many names in The Lord of the Rings; as Nen Hithoel; Bruinen; Emyn Arnen; Núrnen。 N?n 'wet' in  
Loeg Ningloron; also in Nindalf。 
nim 'white' (from earlier nimf; nimp) in Nimbrethil; Nimloth; Nimphelos; niphredil (niphred 'pallor'); Barad  
Nimras; Ered Nimrais。 The Que
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