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＇D＇ tobacomo industry spends a large sum of money on medical research。
Vocabulary
1。 a wishful thinking 根据愿望的想法，不顾事实的想法
2。 puff 喷
puff its way to 一路吞云吐雾走向（指抽烟抽到死）
3。 lukewarm 冷淡/漠然
4。 insidious 阴险的，狡猾的
5。 virile 年富力强的
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇“要求政府禁烟”的论说文，采用因果对比手法。先以讽刺口吻指出政府对禁烟的态度――软弱无力。然后点明软弱的原因――大量税收。再以抽烟大严重后果，机器所花去的钱说明得不偿失。而烟草工业广告泛滥，毒化人们。从而提出政府应从禁止烟广告作起。
答案详解
1。 C 因为他们害怕收入减少。答案见第二段。“你不用看得很远就能发现为什么官方对医学成果的反应如此冷淡，答案就是钱。烟草是征税的最奇妙的商品，几乎就像日用面包的税收。光烟草税收一项，英国政府就从抽烟人身上征到足以支付整个教育措施的费用。所以在当局那么谨慎地指出吸烟有害时，可以想象，喊叫得太响时不行的。”
A。他们害怕人民。D。他们害怕厂商。文中没有。B。疾病花费很大和软弱无力的禁烟措施有关。不是花费大而采取弱政策。
2。 B 讽刺语气。特别表现在第一段、第四段。
A。批评语气，整篇文章都在批评，这不是什么语气问题。这里时以讽刺的口吻加以批评政府软弱的禁烟政策。C。厌恶。D。有趣。
3。 D 政府对吸烟的恶果也是视而不见。
A。政府支持。太明朗化。B。你不是单独一人。和C。你有好同事，都是似是而非的答案。这可以上下文说明，第一段：“假如你吸烟，依然认为吸烟和支气管炎、心脏病、肺癌等毫无关系，那你是自欺欺人。可没有人会说你虚伪。我们可以说你是患有一厢情愿病。这你无需太难受，因为你有好伙伴。每当提出吸烟和健康有关的问题时，大多数国家的政府对其恶果视而不见、听而不闻、嗅而不觉。”
4。 A 世界各国政府应该开展眼里的禁烟运动。因为前面四段都是现象：⑴政策软弱。如英国政府只在电视上禁止烟草广告以高位人们的良知。另一方面人民继续一路吞云吐雾走到癌症死亡。⑵讲烟草的税收高，所以不严禁。⑶这项政策的后果是疾病花费大于烟草税收。⑷烟草广告泛滥毒害人。唯一解救的办法就是禁烟。最后一段是结论，也是画龙点睛的主题和标题。“作为起步，政府可以从禁止烟草广告开始，然后应开展抵制吸烟的广告运动。一切公共场合，如戏院、电影院、返点等应禁止吸烟。应竭尽全力告诫青年，尤其是告诫他们染上恶习的严重后果。在零卖的每包烟盒上应有一令人胆战心惊的警告：例如，一幅骷髅头画像。作为个人，我们力量薄弱，可是如果政府真诚地鼓舞人心的行动起来，他们可以保护我们。”
B。世界各国政府采取禁烟政策软弱无力。C。吸烟是许多国家重要收入。这两项是不分具体内容。D。烟草工厂在医疗研究上花了大笔费用。
Passage Nineteen （TV’s Harmfulness）
Yes； but what did we use to do before there was television？ How often we hear statements like this！ Television hasn’t been with us all that long； but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it。 Before we admitted the one…eyed monster into our homes； we never fond it difficult to ocomupy our spare time。 We used to enjoy civilized pleasures。 For instance； we used to have hobbies； we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them； we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres； cinemas； restaurants and sporting events。 We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks ocomasionally。 All that belongs to the past。 Now all our free time is regulated by the goggle box。 We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme。 We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal； exchanging the news of the day。 A sandwich and a glass of beer will do – anything； providing it doesn’t interfere with the programme。 The monster demands and obtains absolute silence and attention。 If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme； he is quickly silenced。
Whole generations are growing up addicted to the telly。 Food is left uneaten； homework undone and sleep is lost。 The telly is a universal pacifier。 It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living…room and turning on the set。 It doesn’t matter that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism and violence – so long as they are quiet。
There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world。 Every day； television consumes vast quantities of creative work。 That is why most of the programmes are so bad： it is impossible to keep pace with the demand and maintain high standards as well。 When millions watch the same programmes； the whole world becomes a village； and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in preliterate communities。 We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication： pictures and the spoken word。
Television encourages passive enjoyment。 We become content with second…hand experiences。 It is so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working。 Little by little； television cuts us off from the real world。 We get so lazy； we choose to spend a fine day in semi…darkness； glued to our sets； rather than go out into the world itself。 Television may be s splendid medium of communication； but it prevents us from communicating with each other。 We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains； far away from civilization。 In quiet； natural surroundings； we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic tyranny of King Telly。
1。 What is the biggest harm of TV？
＇A＇ It deprives people of communication with the real world。
＇B＇ People become lazy。
＇C＇ People become dependent on second…hand experience。
＇D＇ TV consumes a large part of one’s life。
2。 In what way can people forget TV？
＇A＇ Far away from civilization。
＇B＇ To a mountain。
＇C＇ By the sea。
＇D＇ In quiet natural surroundings。
3。 What does a mother usually do to keep her children quiet？
＇A＇ Let them watch the set。
＇B＇ Put them in the living room。
＇C＇ Let them watch the rubbish。
＇D＇ Let them alone。
4。 What does the first sentence in the first paragraph mean？
＇A＇ We found it difficult to ocomupy our spare time。
＇B＇ We become addicted to TV。
＇C＇ What we used to do is different from now。
＇D＇ We used to enjoy civilized pleasures。
Vocabulary
1。 goggle 转动眼珠，瞪眼
goggle box （英俚）电视机
2。 gulp 狼吞虎咽
3。 telly 电视机
4。 pacifier 平息者，抚慰者。这里指平静人，使人不吱声的东西。
5。 rubbishy 垃圾的，无价值的
6。 sadism 施淫虐
7。 glue 胶（水）；粘牢
glue to the sets 和电视机粘在一起，指成了电视迷
8。 hypnotic 催眠的
难句译注
1。 There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world。
【参考译文】世界上可以获得的创造性才能的数量是有限的。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇论说“电视有害”的文章。采用对比分析手法。先提出问题，对比过去和现在“过去在业余时间，我们享受文明的欢乐，有各种嗜好，招待朋友，访友，外出娱乐，在家读书听音乐……现在一切受电视支配。匆忙赶回家，狼吞虎咽地吃完饭为的是准时看某个电视节目。只要不干扰节目，吃什么都可以！一块三明治，一杯啤酒就行。看时，谁都不许说话，完全没有了过去的那种悠闲，坐在一起吃晚饭，相互交谈白天的一切。”
然后列出电视种种恶果：整个几代人成了电视迷，连孩子也不能幸免，电视消耗了大量的创造性工作，人们成为以来电视生存的人，被动娱乐，制止我们和真实世界交流。
最后结论：到大自然去，忘掉电视。
答案详解
1。 A 它剥夺了人们和真实世界的联系。文章多次提到现在我们不能探亲访友，一家人互不交流，而一旦离开电视就进入了真是世界。
B。 人变懒。C。 人们变得依赖二手经验。D。 电视浪费了人生的大量时间。这三项只是危害重具体一个组成部分。
2。 D 在安宁的大自然的怀抱中。答案在最后一段最后一句“在安详宁静的大自然环境中，我们很快发现我们对催眠的电视暴君连想都不怎么想！”
A。 远离文明。B。去山上。C。在海边。
3。 A 叫他们看电视。这在第二段第三句起“电视是一个万能安静器。母亲为使孩子们安静，就把他们放在起居室内，打开电视看。这是现在最权威的一招。至于孩子们看的使垃圾般的商业广告，还是施淫虐或暴力片都无关紧要，只要他们安静不闹。”
B。把他们搁在起居室。C。让他们看垃圾片。都是其中的具体一部分。D。让他们呆着。没有提到。
4。 B 我们都成了电视迷。第一句“是的，可是没有电视之前，我们常干些什么？”这说明人们已经习惯于电视，以来电视，到了没有电视怎么办的境地。不知道没有电视前的情况。第二段“整个几代人越来越迷上了电视，饭不吃，家务不干，不睡觉。”可以说整篇文章都描写了人们对电视迷恋，依赖。第一句话是引言。所以B对。
A。 难以消遣。只是人们的一种感受。C。过去和现在不同。是一种对比，并没有点出这句话的真正内涵。D。享受文明欢乐。是过去所作的一个具体例子。
Passage Twenty （The Law to Keep the Oil Industry under Control）
The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control。 A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline； production limits have been laid down （though these have already been raised）； and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers。 But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems； and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long。 As on Norwegian politician said last week： “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition。”
Ever since the war； the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle。 During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of sucomess： Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university； a large hospital and a healthy industry。 But the oil industry has already started to draw people south； and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins。
The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north； however。 With nearly 100 percent employment； everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry。 Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad。
The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life。 Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population； but they are an important part of it； because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian。 And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea。
1。 The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to
＇A＇ provide more jobs for foreign workers。
＇B＇ slow down the rate of its development。
＇C＇ sell the oil it is producing abroad。
＇D＇ develop more quickly than at present。
2。 The Norwegian Government has tried to
＇A＇ encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources。
＇B＇ prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway。
＇C＇ help the oil companies solve many of their problems。
＇D＇ keep the oil industry to something near its present size。
3。 Acomording to the passage； the oil industry might lead northern Norway to
＇A＇ the development of industry。
＇B＇ a growth in population。
＇C＇ the failure of the development programme。
＇D＇ the development of new towns。
4。 In the south； one effect to the development of the oil industry might be
＇A＇ a large reduction on unemployment。
＇B＇ a growth in the tourist industry。
＇C＇ a reduction in the number of existing industries。
＇D＇ the development of a number of service industries。
5。 Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because
＇A＇ they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal。
＇B＇ their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal。
＇C＇ their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society。
＇D＇ they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life。
Vocabulary
1。 Norwegian 挪威的；挪威人
2。 coastline 海岸线
3。 recognition 承认；认识；赞赏
4。 countryside 乡下；乡民
难句译注
1。 A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline； production limits have been laid down （though these have already been raised）； and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers。
【结构简析】用两个分号连接三句句子。
【参考译文】一条新的法律限制人们仅在长长的海岸线南端以南地区进行勘探考察；规定了石油生产限量（虽然已提高）；石油公司雇佣外国工人不许超出限定额。
2。 With nearly 100 percent employment； everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry。
【参考译文】由于将近百分之一百就业率，每个人都能看出形式发展中服务行业和旅游行业的大部分工人会跑到石油工业方面去。
3。 Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population； but they are an important part of it； because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian。
【结构简析】复合句。在because状语从句中that是定语从句修饰qualities。
【参考译文】虽然农民和渔民并不占人口的绝大多数，可是他们都是人口的重要组成不分，因为挪威人在他们身上看到许多他们自豪地认为是挪威人的基本品质。
写作方法与文章大意
文章论述“挪威政府意欲控制石油工业”。采用对比写法。先提出政府新政策的种种限制。但石油工业有办法对付。人们都认为限制难以长久。其次讲述，从战时起，挪威政府一直执行开发北极圈北部地区的发展规划，也取得成功。但石油工业已经开始向南方进军，北方政策可能会失败。石油工业之影响超出北方，有些企业缩小，减少。最后一段是讲争论的焦点：石油对挪威生活方式构成了威胁，具体表现在对挪威理想的代表――渔民和农民的威胁。
答案详解
1。 B 减慢发展速率。文章开始就阐明挪威政府正竭尽全力把石油工业控制起来，制定新法律来限制勘探开采，限制产量，限制雇佣外国工人人数。
A。 为外国工人提供更多的工作。C。卖掉正在国外生产的石油。D。比现在发展更快。
2。 D 使石油工业保持在接近现在的规�