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job skills or any specific ability or university course work。 The test doesn’t 
a。。empt to assess subjective qualities such as motivation; creativity and 
interpersonal skills。 These areas are usually explored during the interview 
at the business school。 
So what score are top business schools looking for and how important 
is the test to ge。。ing in? Well; in the first place the scores are a moving goal 
post。 You are up against everyone else taking the test; so as the average 
scores move up so does the required score。 The average score is currently 
around 500。 Less prestigious business schools look for a GMAT score of 
550; and a score around 650 on the GMAT will make you a petitive 
candidate at most business schools。
306 Appendix 
Do business schools place much reliance on 
this test? 
Chicago Graduate School of Business looks for between 640 and 760; for 
example。 But a high score won’t guarantee a place; nor will a low one 
preclude admission。 As the Associate Dean of Student Recruitment & 
Admissions at one of the top five business schools says of the GMAT score; 
‘It’s just one piece of a plex puzzle。’ Harvard’s website says much the 
same。 ‘Every application is reviewed as a whole package。 We are admi。。ing 
candidates with personalities; not scores。’ 
Still; despite these remarks; business schools will always ask for a 
GMAT score。 The fact is that the test has worked well over time as a 
predictor of student quality and success。 GMAT is administered by the 
Graduate Management Admissions Council (gmac); whose list 
of governing schools includes around 200 of the world’s highest…ranking 
business schools; so this is in effect their own test。 
Improving a GMAT score 
You can improve your GMAT score and; as business schools will usually 
only ask to see your latest GMAT; you can take it as o。。en as you need to 
get the right score for your chosen school。 Around a fi。。h of GMAT tests 
are taken by people who have taken the test more than once within a year 
and; if you want; you can take the test up to five times within a 12…month 
period。 Unsurprisingly; a higher proportion; one in three; of people scoring 
between 500 and 540 are repeat test takers; indicating that they are looking 
for a place at a top school。 
Mike Byron’s excellent book; How to Pass the GMAT: Unbeatable Preparation 
for Success in the Graduate Management Admission (2007; Kogan Page); is 
remended reading。 As well as warm…up tests and tips on preparation; 
this book is full of helpful advice that goes well beyond just upping your 
score。 It’s vital to know; for example; that business schools will look beyond 
the single total score; looking for any significant imbalance。 So being 
absolutely brilliant at problem solving and useless in the verbal area could 
bar entry to some schools; even though the average score is high enough。 
Business schools’ individual tests 
Many schools have their own tests mirroring the GMAT。 The only logic for 
having these is to allow them to evaluate the small number of applicants 
who for any reason can’t take the GMAT before being interviewed。
academia 214; 286; 302 
accountants 14; 17–18; 21; 23; 65; 67; 73; 
129; 190 
accounting glossary 37 
accounts; ge。。ing 49 
acquisitions 52; 92; 132; 163; 185 
Advance Collegiate Schools 301–02 
advertising 
effectiveness 105 
strategies 103–04 
Alternative Investment Market (AIM) 68 
Altman Z…Score 47 
Amazon 82; 268; 280 
amortization 35 
Ansoff; Igor 270; 294 
Antai College of Economics & Management 
(ACEM) 7 
Apple puters 48; 63; 98; 219; 234; 241; 
262; 266; 280 
appraisals 154–55; 184 
Ashridge Business School 219; 285 
Aspen Institute 12; 303 
Asset Based Finance Association 60 
asset…stripping game 65 
Association 
to Advance Collegiate Schools of 
Business 301–02 
of MBAs (AMBA) 286; 301 
Audi 85; 97 
audit 23 
auditors 23; 67; 224 
average collection period 44 
Babson College 175; 215 
balance of payments 212 
balance sheet 3; 14; 17–18; 27–28; 32–35; 
37–39; 42; 49; 55; 61 
balanced score card 150 
bank accounts 56; 61 
Bank of England 261 
banking crises 163 
Bankruptcy Acts 176 
Barclays 93 
behaviour 69; 138; 166; 178; 185; 191; 201; 
221; 224–05; 247; 301 
below the line (BTL) 104 
Berkeley University of California 280 
Best Social Accounts 217 
beta factor 71–72 
Big Mac Index (BMI) 201 
Bilimoria; Karan (Lord) 73; 220 
Birch; David 4; 214 
Blake; Robert R 148 
blogs 117; 262; 280; 295 
Blooming Marvellous 86; 105; 146 
blue chip clients 110 
BMW 266; 299 
Bocconi 8; 233 
Body Shop International 82; 87; 97; 186; 188 
bonds 5; 57–58; 64; 69; 206 
bonus 14; 54 
bookkeeping 23–25; 165–66 
boom 201–02; 204 
boss 102; 109; 142; 144; 146; 168; 185 
Boston College 280 
Boston Consulting Group (BCG) 265 
Boston Matrix 271–72 
brainstorming 258 
brand 
loyalty 269 
value 97 
break…even analysis 14; 51 
British Airways 199; 204 
budget 77–80; 97; 112–13; 192; 207; 240 
Buffe。。; Warren 220; 266 
bureaucratic environment 133 
business 
angels 5; 62–63 
cycles 201; 204–05; 207 
environment 2; 4; 121; 166 
ethics 222–24 
information 11; 114; 295 
law 3; 4; 175; 177; 179; 181; 183; 185; 187; 
189; 191; 193; 221 
plans 24; 56; 77; 220; 261; 274–75; 277; 292 
statistics 247 
strategy 6; 268 
tools 31; 37; 80 
business history 3; 4; 159; 162–65; 167; 169; 
171; 173; 282 
Business Link 27; 69; 134; 180; 182–83 
business models 266; 288; 294 
business school 
first 6 
limitations 8 
rankings 86; 279; 302; 304 
Index
308 Index 
star faculty 9 
teaching 13 
top 7 
buzzwords 154; 243 
capital 
asset pricing model 70 
budgeting 77 
cost of 69–72 
markets 52 
sources of 61–69 
capitalism 203; 214 
Cardiff Business School 163; 233 
career 
boosting 278 
counselling 279 
goals 154 
move 109 
opportunities 145 
paths 292 
perspective 152 
progression 153; 274 
prospects 142 
Carnegie Mellon University 270; 280 
case studies; 
freely available 11; 217; 285; 289; 293 
method 8–9 
writing 258 
cash cows 271 
cash flows 3; 24; 27; 29; 59; 76–77; 108; 252; 
274 
Cass Business School 52; 163; 215; 220; 261 
central tendency 249–50 
Centre 
for Business History 163 
for Corporate Governance 52 
for Growth and Business Cycle 
Research 204 
for International Business History 163 
chairman 10; 224; 292 
change 
in strategy 12 
managing 158–61 
technological 2; 158 
chartered accountants 22 
Chicago Graduate School of Business 223; 
280–81; 301; 305–06 
China Europe International Business 
School 279; 281 
CIRS (continuous inventory replenishment 
system) 108 
Cisco 63; 219 
class A and class B share 61 
coaching 130; 156; 287 
co…operatives 178–80 
Coca…Cola pany 10; 97; 201; 222 
collaboration 159; 171; 218 
Columbia Business School 217; 279; 285; 
301 
fort zones 87; 219 
mon stock 64 
munication systems 243 
panies Act 23; 37; 178 
panies House 39; 176; 180 
pany names 113; 189 
petition mission 198 
petitive 
advantage 14; 112 
forces 198; 269 
markets 199 
position 84–85; 272 
pricing 82; 98; 108 
strategy 185; 263 
plaints 153; 181; 185 
puters 17; 25–27; 32–33; 59; 110; 117; 
145; 182; 184; 193; 241; 243–44; 254; 258; 
262; 290 
concepts 2; 3; 14; 18; 21–22; 49; 82; 87; 94; 
120; 126; 173…74; 196; 221; 242; 267; 282 
conflict 124–25; 130; 151; 229 
conglomerate 168; 270–71 
consequences 160; 163; 173; 177; 201; 203; 
229 
conservatism 19; 21 
consultancy see also management 
assignments 10 
profession 147 
tools for 291 
consumer demand 99; 197 
contingency modelling 148 
contract of employment 133–34; 139; 183 
contracts 4; 56; 64; 83; 182–83; 185…86 
control 66; 123–24; 126; 131; 152; 159; 164; 
170; 172; 198; 204; 206; 208; 215; 218; 
223–24 
convention 21–22; 43; 79; 136; 240; 248 
copyright 187; 299 
core business 267 
corporate 
behaviour 225 
fraud 230 
governance 4; 52; 223; 293 
misconduct 231 
venturing 63; 219 
corporations 194; 218; 231 
cost 
advantage 84; 263 
leadership strategy 263; 265 
of capital 69; 71–73; 75 
of sales 31; 39; 44
Index 309 
Cranfield School of Management 6–8; 10; 
13; 98; 129; 134; 204; 220; 233; 272–74; 
285–86; 299; 305 
Crawford’s model 265 
creative 
accountants 22 
design 234 
destruction 214 
thinking 258 
works 187 
creativity 159; 215; 305 
credibility 65; 111; 203 
credit 23–24; 44; 172; 180; 182; 263 
crime 52; 163; 200; 228 
critical path method (CPM) 237–38 
cultural norms 223 
current 
assets 28; 32…34; 39; 43–44; 47–49 
liabilities 33…4; 39; 43–44; 47–48 
curriculum 163; 263 
customer relationship management (CRM) 
245 
cu。。ing…edge thinking 282 
cycles; business 201–04 
Dartmouth College 7; 223; 301 
dashboard 150; 207 
Data Protection Act 182; 184; 244 
debentures 5; 53; 57–58; 69 see also bonds 
debt capital 53; 55; 72 
debtors 27–28; 33–34; 37; 40; 44; 47–48; 60 
decision trees 248–49 
defects 181; 236; 243 
deflation 205 
delegation 
eight steps to success 152–53 
essential management skill 151–52 
growth through 159 
Dell puters 88; 234; 262 
Deming; W Edwards 242 
democracy 199; 214 
demographics 117; 136; 215; 297 
depreciation 18–19; 21; 31; 36–37; 192 
depression 160; 203 
derivatives 52 
desk research 82; 112–13 
developing staff 152 
differentiation 263; 266 
direct costs 79; 80 see also breakeven; cost 
and variable costs 
directors 23; 41; 50; 53; 130–31; 150; 178–79; 
191; 193; 223–24; 226; 274 
discount 55; 76 
discounted cash flow (DCF) 75; 77; 249 
discrimination 183; 221; 231 
dissatisfaction 142–43; 154 
distance learning 157 
distribution 3; 64; 79; 105–08; 250–51; 267 
diversity 3; 123; 196; 199; 304 
dividend valuation model 70 
dividends 29; 42; 46; 53; 60–61; 70; 155 
doctoral degree 301 
domain names 188–89 
dominant 
figure 195 
firms 198 
players 199 
purpose 191 
dot 133; 204 
double…entry bookkeeping system 3; 10; 20; 
23–24; 170 
Dragons’ Den 213; 220 
Drucker; Peter 149–50; 215 
due diligence 63–64 
Duke University Fuqua School of Business 
253; 281 
DuPont 219; 237; 273 
duties 123; 131; 134;165; 222 
duty of care 184 
Dyson 99; 186 
early adopters 89; 90; 133 
earnings 12; 46; 76; 194; 224; 229; 303–04 see 
also profit 
eBay 100–01; 262 
economic 
activity 28; 196 
cycles 4; 202–03 
order quantity (EOQ) 241 
economics 4; 14; 195–97; 199; 201–03; 205; 
207; 209; 211; 213; 223; 281; 285; 287 
economies of scale 41; 198; 264; 269 
Economist Intelligence Unit 304 
elasticity of demand 97; 197 
e…mail 101; 118; 139; 182; 185–86; 259 
employment 4; 69; 133–34; 139; 183–84; 210; 
218; 227; 289 
employment agencies 180 
employment law 125; 180; 185; 193 
Enron 22; 219; 226 
entrepreneurship 3; 4; 198; 213–17; 219–20; 
280; 282 
environment 87; 97; 121; 218; 225; 230; 
262 
equity 5; 38; 42–43; 53–54; 60–62; 64; 66; 68; 
70–72; 74 
Esade Business School (Barcelona) 8; 233 
ethics 3; 4; 97; 176; 221–23; 229; 232 
EU 69; 192; 198 
European Business Schools 304
310 Index 
European Quality Improvement System 
301–02 
examination 27; 73 
excellence 189; 274; 291 
exchange rate policies 211 
executive development 10; 285–87; 304 
executive summary 115; 274–76 
exit strategy 280 
expectations grid 228 
expected values 248–49 
expenditure 20; 28; 67; 112; 126; 164; 191; 
200–01; 209 
experience curve 83; 265–66 
expert advice 168; 277 
Facebook 185–86 
facilities 64; 74; 239; 285 
factoring 11; 59; 60; 74 
failures 5; 9; 47; 69; 142; 173; 178; 203; 214 
families 5; 16; 166–67; 170; 172; 179; 196 
features; benefits and proofs 88–89 
Federal Trade mission 198 
field research 112–13; 118 
FIFO (first in first out) 35–36 see also LIFO 
and stock 
figurehead 147 
Finance and Leasing Association 59 
financial 
analysis 296 
jeopardy 177 
position 41 
projections 275–76 
ratios 39; 40; 47–48; 51; 151 
reporting 124 
stability 48 
Financial Services Authority 181 
Financial Times 285; 290 
first mover advantage; fallacy of 267 
fiscal policy 196; 208 
five forces 6; 13; 268–69; 273 
fixed 
assets 18; 21; 32–33; 35; 37–39 
costs 51; 273 
flat organization 123 
flotation 66–67 see also AIM; London Stock 
Exchange 
focus 91; 93; 128; 145; 223–24; 242; 257–58; 
266–67 
force field analysis 160–61 
Ford; Henry 93; 162 
forecast 252–53 
Fortune 500 219; 262 
Foundation of Management 
Development 301 
free knowledge tools 287 
Free Management Library 11; 222 
free online surveys 113 
free teaching materials 280 
frugal 140; 168 
FTSE4Good Index 231–32 
functions 122; 128–31; 153; 266 
funding 55; 64–65; 73; 220; 225; 299 
Gates; Bill 87; 217 
GDP 199–202; 207; 210; 212 
gearing 45; 53–55; 100 
GE – McKinsey Directional Policy Matrix 
273 
General Electric 85; 150; 272 
General Motors 241 
Generally Accepted Accounting Practices 
(GAPP) 22 
generic strategies 263; 268 see also strategy 
Genuine Progress Indicator 200 
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor GEM) 
215 
globalization 4; 281 
goals 82; 96; 108; 122; 130; 135; 144; 146; 
161; 169; 210; 217; 229; 262; 299 
Google 60; 82; 103; 116; 133; 186; 283; 
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